Fig. 3

Schematic model of the meningeal lymphatic system and its drainage pathways. A Morphology of rodent MLVs. MLVs lie within the outer layer of the meninges and extend along the SSS to the confluence of sinuses (COS) and then further along the TS and the sigmoid sinus to join the dCLNs. B The dural lymphatic structures and venous system in humans. MLVs are distributed along the dural venous sinuses, draining along the jugular veins and foramen magnum after leaving the skull, and along the cranial nerves, jugular veins and internal carotid artery in the neck and connecting with the cervical lymph nodes. C Schematic representation of the connections between MLVs and other brain cells and CSF. The MLVs act as an important efflux pathway that drains antigens, immune cells, and CSF to dCLNs. Cytokines secreted by stromal cells in MLVs microenvironment play a key role in regulating the structure and function of MLVs