Fig. 5
From: Hypoxia induces calpain activity and degrades SMAD2 to attenuate TGFβ signaling in macrophages
Hypoxia reduces SMAD2-dependent transcription. a TGFß-induced transcriptional activity in J774A.1 cells transfected with a SBE4-Luc (4xSMAD binding element coupled to luciferase) as well as a Renilla-Luc plasmid. Stimulation was with TGFß under normoxia (nor) vs. hypoxia (hy) for 8 h. mRNA expression of b thrombospondin1 (TSP1), c dystonin DST, d matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2), e cystatin (CST6), and (f) plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1) was analyzed by quantitative PCR in macrophages exposed for 8 h to TGFß under normoxia (nor) vs. hypoxia (hy)