Fig. 1

Characterization of mAbs according to their epitopes. Competition of each mAb to bind the same epitope was evaluated by competitive ELISA. Firstly, unconjugated mAbs were added followed by mAb-HRP addition. OD values represent binding efficacy of mAb-HRP in the presence of unconjugated mAbs. OD of each mAb-HRP control was set as maximum value (100%) to evaluate the competition effect of unconjugated mAbs. The OD of each mAb (represented in A) was divided by this maximum value and expressed as the percentage of mAb-HRP binding (% of mAb-HRP in B). 100% indicates no competition, 50% – moderate competition and 0% – full competition/no binding. (C) Schematic representation of mAb (mAb-HRP) binding to VLPs in the presence of another mAb (unconjugated mAb). The absence of mAb-HRP (red) indicates that the epitope is fully occupied by another mAb (black, unconjugated mAb), one mAb-HRP indicates that mAb-HRP binds to adjacent epitope of unconjugated mAb epitope, and two mAb-HRP indicates that mAb-HRP binds to epitopes different from those of the unconjugated mAbs. C was created with BioRender.com, AG No.: ES268ORVA0