Table 2 Major cardiac stem cell research and preclinical studies

-isolation of c-kit^POS cells

-immunocytochemistry analysis

-induction of MI

-implantation of myocytes cells

rat

c-kit^POS cells

-improved of functional performance of the postinfarcted hearts injected with Lin(-) c-kit^POS cells

[25]

-using transgenic mice to determine the location of c-kit^POS cells in a healthy heart and in the heart after myocardial infarction

mouse

c-kit^POS cells

- the number of c-kit^POS cells is higher at birth compared to adults

- an increased number of c-kit^POS cells was observed in the infarction region

[32]

-isolation of c-kit^POS cells with high GATA-4 expression

-co-culture of c-kit^POS GATA-4 cells with adult cardiomyocytes

rat

c-kit^POS cells

-c-kit^POS GATA-4 cells affect cardiomyocyte survival by inducing IGF1R

[33]

-isolation of CDCs

-induction of MI

-intramyocardial injection of CDCs

pig

autologous CDCs

-preservation of left ventricular function

- minimization of adverse ventricular remodeling

[35]

-isolation of CDCs from rat and human hearts

-induction of MI in rats

-intramyocardially CDCc injection in groups: syngenic group, allogenic group, xenogeneic group

rat

allogenic CDCs

syngenic CDCs

-allogenic CDCs promotes cardiac regeneration

-improvement in cardiac function was observed in rat models

[36]

-preparation of cardiospheres

-injection cardiospheres in the peri-infarct zone

rat

allogenic CDCs

-reduced scar size

-increased cardiac function

[37]

-induction of chronic infarction

-intramyocardial injection of CSCs

dog

autologous CSCs

-less increase in left ventricular end-systolic volume

-preservation of left ventricular ejection fraction

[41]

-induction of MI

-intracoronary infusion of CDCs

pig

allogenic CDCs

-MRI is a useful tool for assessing dynamic changes in the infarct and monitoring regenerative efficacy

-decreased scar size

-increased myocardium viability

[38]

-isolation and culture of human MSCs and CSCs

-induction of MI in pig

-intramyocardial injection of MSCS and CSCs

pig

Xenogeneic MSCs and CSCs

-reduced scar size

-restoration of diastolic and systolic function of the left ventricle

[39]

-development of the c-kit^POS cells isolation protocol

rat

mouse

c-kit^POS cells

-identification and isolation of c-kit^POS cells

[31]

-isolation of CSCs cells

-intracoronary infusion of autologous CSCs

pig

autologous CSCs

-improves regional and global left ventricular function

-promotes cardiac and vascular regeneration in pigs with old MI

[40]

-preparation of CDCs

-randomized

-induction of MI

-intracoronary administration of CDCs

pig

allogenic CDCs

-reduction of infract size

-CDCs are effective in cardioprotection

-prevention of microvascular obstruction

[26]

-isolation of human CSCs

-identification of c-kit^POS cells with PIM1 overexpression

-intramyocardial injection of CSCs to Yorkshire swine

pig

human CSCs

-PIM1 overexpression enhanced the effect of intramyocardial delivery of CSCs to infarcted porcine hearts

-reduced scar size

[34]