Fig. 2

Paracrine mechanisms of action of cardiac progenitor cells on heart-derived cells. Cardiac progenitor cells exert paracrine effects on cardiac stem cells, cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, immune cells and endothelial cells contributing to repair of myocardium after injury. Two main characterized routes of paracrine action include secretion of proteins or release of exosomes rich in protein, DNA, RNA and lipid cargoes. Abbreviations: ANG-1 - Angiopoietin 1, bFGF - Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, HGF - Hepatocyte Growth Factor, IGF-1 - Insulin-like Growth Factor 1, IGFBPs – Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins, PAPP-A - pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, SCF - Stem Cell Factor, SDF-1α - Stromal cell Derived Factor 1α, VEGFA - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, PDGFB - Platelet Derived Growth Factor subunit B (Created with BioRender.com)