Fig. 7

Y chromosome depletion promotes cell migration, reduces cell growth and affects the DDR. A Transwell migration assay followed by crystal violet staining in ARPE-19 and Y-negative clones. Cell migration has been quantified by elution of crystal violet staining with 0,1% SDS and measured at 570 nm absorbance. Each bar represents mean ± SD calculated from four independent experiments. P values were derived from Student’s t test between the indicated samples (ns: P > 0.05; *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001; ****P ≤ 0.0001). B Representative images of immunofluorescence analysis of vimentin signal (green) in ARPE-19 and Y-depleted clone 3. C Representative images of western blot analysis of vimentin protein levels in ARPE-19 cells and Y-negative clone 3, 5 and 9. D Cell proliferation curves in ARPE-19 cells compared to Y-negative clones 3, 5, and 9. Cell counts were carried out at 24, 48 and 72 h after seeding. Means ± SD calculated from five independent experiments are shown. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney non-parametric test (*P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01). E Representative images of western blot analyses of DDR factors in ARPE-19 cells and Y-depleted clone 3 after 1, 3, 6 and 24 h of etoposide treatment