Fig. 3

DKG does not affect cell proliferation and pre-iPSCs conversion. A–B Reprogramming with different concentrations of AscPNa, DHAA, DKG, THR, ERY, or OXA. The number of cells was determined on Day 14 A. The expression of key genes related to cell cycle and H3K36 methylation was determined on Day 6 B. C Reprogramming with 160 μM AscPNa, DHAA, or DKG. The numbers of Oct4-GFP⁻AP⁺ and Oct4-GFP⁺AP⁺ colonies were determined on day 14 and day 18, respectively. D-G Reprogramming with different concentrations of AscPNa, DHAA, or DKG in Asc-sensitive (#2–2) and Asc-insensitive pre-iPSCs (#3). The number of Oct4-GFP⁺ colonies was determined on Day 7. H–K Reprogramming with 160 μM AscPNa, DHAA, or DKG. Cell migration on Day 6 during reprogramming was determined using transwell assay H, live cell tracing I, and wound-healing assay J–K. All experiments were conducted at least five times (n ≥ 5). Statistical significance is indicated as follows: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001 compared to the control group or between indicated groups. Error bars represent standard deviation. Additional statistical information is provided in Additional file 4: Table S3.