Fig. 1
From: Coffee as a dietary strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection
Coffee has inhibition on SARS-CoV-2 infection. a The inhibiting effectiveness of various races of ground coffee in different concentrations (weight of coffee grinding powder/ water volume) was tested on 293 T-ACE2 cells by using the wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 viral pseudoparticle (Vpp) infection assay. b The percentage of inhibiting infection of different brands of instant coffee in different concentrations (coffee extract/volume) was examined by wild-type SARS-CoV-2 Vpp. c Testing the capability of instant coffee against wild-type, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants on 293 T-ACE2 cells by SARS-CoV-2 Vpp. d Examining the percentage of inhibition ability of instant coffee against wild-type, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants on NCI-H460 cells by SARS-CoV-2 Vpp. e The inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 entry ability of the instant coffee-added ingredient was checked by wild-type SARS-CoV-2 Vpp on 293 T-ACE2 cells. SARS-CoV-2 viral pseudoparticle (Vpp) infection assay (MOI = 0.1). Student T-test was performed for statistical analyses. Error bars indicated the standard error of the mean in triplicate independent experiments. Statistical significance was concerned as *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 or ***P < 0.001