Fig. 2

Glycolysis and cholesterol metabolism axis in immunosuppressive TME. Immunosuppressive cells with protumor effects, like TAMs and MDSCs, are recruited and thrive in the TME through tumor metabolic reprogramming relevant effects. The glycolysis and cholesterol metabolism axis and its metabolites have a pivotal role in driving the harsh immunosuppressive tumor milieu, including TAMs and MDSCs. i Distant and proximal roles between glycolysis and cholesterol metabolic axis in TME (Red). Only the undefined or indirect association was marked by dashed lines. ii: Glycolysis dominant intracellular metabolic signaling to secure cellular energy requirements and activity (Blue). iii Cholesterol dominant inner or outer signal transduction and cellular functions (Green). Each arrow line represented the relationship directly bridge between each other. 27-HC: 27-Hydroxycholesterol; LDHB: Lactate dehydrogenase B; NO: Nitric oxide; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; ROS: Reactive oxygen species