Fig. 4

HuR inhibits T-cell activation in vitro and niclosamide potentiates anti-PD-1 efficacy in vivo. a Schematic illustrates the dosing regimens for mice bearing subcutaneous LL/2 tumors. b Tumor growth delay of LL/2 tumors under treatment with vehicle control or niclosamide. c Survival of mice bearing LL/2 tumors following treatment with vehicle control or niclosamide. Significance was determined by the log-rank test (n = 5 mice per group). d Representative images of IHC staining of HuR protein in LL/2 lung tumor samples treated with PBS control or niclosamide (10 mg/kg). e Schematic of animal experiment design in EMT-6 model. f tumor size of mice bearing EMT-6 tumors. g Individual tumor size of mice in the combination group. αPD-1, anti-PD-1 antibody. h Overall survival of mice bearing EMT-6 tumors. Kaplan–Meier curve of tumor growth delay (i) and overall survival (j) of mice bearing LL/2 tumors. k Representative PD-L1 protein immunoblots in EMT-6 tumor tissue samples and quantification of relative PD-L1 level (n = 3). Two-way ANOVA for tumor growth (f). Log-rank Mantel-Cox test for overall survival (c, h, and j) and tumor growth delay (b and i). n.s: no significance, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001