Fig. 5

E4f1 inactivation induced spermatogonia cell cycle blockade at G1/S phase and apoptosis A Immunofluorescence staining for KI67 (green) with TRA98 (red), EdU (red) with TRA98 (green), and PH3 (p-Histone H3, red) with TRA98 (green) in sections of PD6 controls and E4f1 cKO testes. B Percentage of KI67⁺ germ cells in testis sections from PD6 controls and E4f1 cKO mice. n = 3. C Percentage of EdU-positive germ cells in testis sections from PD6 controls and E4f1 cKO mice. n = 3. (D) Percentage of PH3-positive germ cells in testis sections from PD6 controls and E4f1 cKO mice. n = 3. E Immunofluorescence staining for cleaved caspase-3 (red) and TRA98 (green) in sections of PD6 control and E4f1 cKO testes. F Percentage of apoptotic germ cells in testis sections from PD6 controls and E4f1 cKO mice. n = 3. Error bars represent SD. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, Student’s t test