Fig. 2

Sex difference of lipid metabolism for F1 offspring in response to paternal iAs. (a) Liver triglyceride (TG) contents in F1 females (F1-F), n = 3 mice for control (con) and n = 4 mice for iAs groups. (b-c) Serum TG and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) levels in F1 females, n = 6 mice for control and n = 8 mice for iAs groups. (d) Liver TG contents in F1 males (F1-M), n = 4 mice for control and n = 5 mice for iAs groups. (e-f) Serum TG and NEFAs levels in F1 males, n = 4 mice for control and n = 5 mice for iAs groups. (g) Liver TG contents in F1 males at the fasting condition on the indicated diet, n = 4 mice for normal chow diet (ND) groups, and n = 6 mice for high-fat diet (HFD) groups. (h) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of livers in F1 males on HFD. Scale bar, 100 μm. (i-j) Serum TG and NEFAs levels in F1 males, n = 4–8 mice for ND groups and n = 6 mice for HFD groups. (k) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis of F1 males on HFD, n = 6 mice. (l) Partial least squares of discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the RNA-seq results of the livers in the conF1-F, iAsF1-F, conF1-M, and iAsF1-M groups in the refed condition, n = 3 mice. (m) Heat map of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) due to paternal iAs in either male or female F1 livers as identified by RNA-seq with q < 0.05 as cut-off. The color key shows Z-Score calculated as (FPKM-Mean)/SD. (n) Venn diagram of hepatic DEGs in iAsF1-F vs. conF1-F mice and DEGs in iAsF1-M vs. conF1-M mice in the refed condition, n = 3 mice. Two-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak method was used to analyze liver TG levels, serum TG and NEFAs levels, and MRI data. Data are mean ± S.E.M. * P < 0.05 between conF1 and iAsF1 groups under the same conditions