Fig. 5

PGAM5 silencing stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine excretion and down-regulated antioxidative proteins in macrophages. Differentiated THP-1 cells were stimulated with LPS + IFNγ or IL-4 + IL-13 and treated with NC or PGAM5-siRNA for 24–48 h. a–d Levels of TNF-α (a), IL-1β (b), IL-6 (c) and IL-10 (d) secreted in cultural medium. e–h Relative mRNA expressions of PGAM5 (e) and pro-fibrotic genes including Timp1 (f), Mmp12 (g) and Mmp13 (h) measured by Real-time PCR. i–o Relative protein levels of PGAM5 (j) and antioxidative proteins including CAT (k), HO-1 (l), GPX6 (m), SOD1 (n) and NRF2 (o) measured by Western blot. p, q Relative protein levels of p-mTOR/t-mTOR measured by Western blot. *p < 0.05 between NC and siPGAM5 group. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001, statistical differences between treatment, genotypes or their interactions. ns, no significance; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; IFNγ, interferon γ; Mmp, matrix metalloproteases; Timp, tissue inhibitors of Mmps; GPX6, glutathione peroxidase 6; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; CAT, catalase; SOD1, superoxide dismutase 1; NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factors; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NC, negative control; siPGAM5, PGAM5-knockdown