Fig. 3

Knockout of PGAM5 promotes expressions of hepatic antioxidative genes and mTOR activation in mice fed with HFHF. a IPA analysis was carried out and the top canonical pathways enriched in liver tissues in GKO mice compared with WT were shown. b The differentially expressed genes analyzed by volcano plot in GKO v.s WT mice. Red and blue dots represent up-regulated and down-regulated genes, respectively (N = 5). c Relative hepatic mRNA expressions of Gpx6 verified by real-time PCR. d, e Relative hepatic protein levels of antioxidative genes (GPX6, HO-1, CAT, SOD1, NRF2 and NRF1) measured by Western blot. f, g Relative hepatic protein levels of PGAM5 and known PGAM5 regulated pathways including IFNβ, p-IRF3/t-IRF3 and p-mTOR/t-mTOR measured by Western blot. N = 12–15; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with the WT group. IPA, ingenuity pathway analysis; GPX6, glutathione peroxidase 6; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; CAT, catalase; SOD1, superoxide dismutase 1; NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factors; NRF1, nuclear respiratory factor 1; IFNβ, interferon β; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; WT, wild type; GKO, global knockout