Fig. 2

GES decreased Aβ42 and Aβ40 in the hippocampus and cortex of 5xFAD mice

A, G. EF distribution to the hippocampus (A) and cortex (G) simulated by the FEM.

B, H. Following the 4-week GES, the hippocampus (B, red box) and cortex tissues (H, red box) of 5xFAD mice from each group were separately collected for Aβ42/ Aβ40 ELISA assay and immunofluorescence microscopy. C-D, I-J. ELISA assay showed that the GES treatment significantly decreased Aβ42 and Aβ40 concentrations in the hippocampus (C-D,) and the cortex (I-J) following GES in 25, 50, 100, and 200 µA groups. E-F, K-L. Typical example immunofluorescence images show significantly decreased Aβ42 (red in E and K) and Aβ40 (red in F and L) labeling in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus (E-F) and in the cortex (K-L) following 200 µA GES. NeuN (green) and DAPI (blue) were used to label neurons and nuclei. Scale bars: 50 μm

Data were presented as mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001 were considered as significantly different for GES groups vs. sham