Table 4 Proteomic studies in aortic diseases
From: Multi-omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification
Aneurysm Type | Source | Pathways | Notes | Citations | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | Samples | Target | Up/Down | |||
BAV-TAA, sTAA | Human | Aortic tissue and whole blood | Cytoskeletal binding, organ development, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways (small-, medium-sized TAA) and acute inflammatory response and ECM remodelling (large-sized TAA) | ↑ Calponin-1 | Small-, medium- and large-sized TAA stratification | [133] |
↑ Plastin-3 | ||||||
↑ Peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase | ||||||
AAA, AAD | Human | Aortic tissue and serum | Atherosclerosis pathways and tissue remodelling | ↑ C-reactive protein (in serum) | AAD used as controls | |
↓ C-reactive protein (in AAD tissue) | ||||||
sTAA | Human | Aortic tissue and VSMC | Cytoskeleton structure and signalling pathways | ↑ Jagged1/NOTCH1 signalling |  | [136] |
BAV-TAA | Human | Aortic tissue and HAoSMC | Acute-phase response signalling and mitochondrial dysfunction | ↑ EIF2 | Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) | [137] |
↑ Sirtuin | ||||||
BAV-TAA, sTAA | Human | Aortic tissue | Metabolic processes, proteome alterations and immunological processes | ↑ LGALS9 | Aged vs young TAA | [138] |
BAV-TAA, sTAA | Human | Aortic tissue from TAV and BAV (non-dilated and dilated ascending aortas) | Inflammatory processes and repair capacity | ↑ smooth muscle actin | In TAV and BAV dilated regions vs non-dilated | [117] |
↑ α actinin 1 | ||||||
↑ α actinin 4 | ||||||
↑ myosin light polypeptide 6 | ||||||
↑ gelsolin | ||||||
AAA, TAA | Human | Non-dilated and dilated aortic tissue | ECM remodelling | ↑ Fibrinogen | In dilated vs non-dilated TAA | [139] |
↑ Tenascin | ||||||
↑ Thrombospondin-1 | ||||||
↑ Decorin | ||||||
↑ Vitronectin | ||||||
Cytoskeletal alterations | ↑ Myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9 | |||||
↑ Destrin | ||||||
↑ Filamin-binding LIM protein 1 | ||||||
↑ Transgelin | ||||||
↑ Vimentin | ||||||
↑ Myosin light polypeptide 6 | ||||||
Proteases inhibition | ↑ α-2-macroglobulin | |||||
Proteolytic processes | ↑ MMPs | |||||
sTAA | Human | Aortic tissue | Cytoskeletal alterations, ECM remodelling, morphology, cell-to-cell signalling and interactions | ↑ TGF-β signalling mediators | CABG as healthy controls | [140] |
BAV-TAA, sTAA | Human | Aortic tissue | TGF-β signalling | ↓ LTBP4 | BAV vs TAV (analysis on released factors) | [142] |
BAV-TAA, sTAA, MFS-TAA | Human | Aortic tissue, VSMC and plasma samples | TGF-β signalling | ↑ MFAP4 | MFS-TAA vs non-syndromic TAA | [143] |
↑ PGCA | ||||||
↑ CSPG2 | ||||||
MFS-TAA | Human | Aortic tissue and VSMC | Mitochondrial dysfunction | ↓ PPAR-α ↓ PPAR-γ coactivator 1α ↓ PPAR-δ |  | |
AAA, TAA | Human | Blood | Circulating biomarkers | ↑ Kallistatin | Proteomic analyses of postsurgical serum compared with presurgical serum | [146] |
↑ α-2-macroglobulin (only in TAA) | ||||||
BAV-TAA | Human | Aortic tissue and plasma | Exocytosis, ECM remodelling, cytoskeleton alterations | ↑ RhoA | Disease enrichment analysis, integrated enrichment analysis and canonical pathway enrichment analysis | |
↑ Integrins | ||||||
↑ ADAM10 | ||||||
↑ MMP-12 | ||||||
↑ TGF-β1 | ||||||
↑ GATA4 | ||||||
↑ NOTCH3 | ||||||
Syndromic and non-syndromic TAA | Human | Blood | Circulating biomarkers | ↑ ACAN |  | |
MFA-TAA | Human | Blood and iPSC-derived MFS-VSMC | VSMC phenotype switch | ↓ Mannose receptor C type 2 |  | [151] |
↓ Transgelin | ||||||
↓ Nestin | ||||||
↑ Integrin | ||||||
↑ MMP2 | ||||||
↑ Collagen type 1α | ||||||
↑ Fibronectin 1 | ||||||