Table 2 Animal models of BBB

Osmotic

Rat [61]

Not specified

Evans blue

Evans blue

Rabbit [62]

n = 65

Evans blue

Evans blue

Monkey [63]

n = 28

Evans blue

Evans blue

Rabbit [64]

Not specified

Evans blue

Evans blue

Dog [65]

n = 38

Methotrexate

Evans blue

Rat [66]

n = 64

Herpes simplex virus, (HSV), and paramagnetic monocrystalline iron, oxide nanoparticles (MION)

MRI

Rat [67]

n = 152

Methotrexate

Evans blue albumin and quantitatively by measuring, delivery of the low molecular weight marker [3H]-methotrexate

Rabbit [68]

n = 23

Evan’s Blue

Evan’s Blue

Rabbit [69]

n = 8

Evan’s Blue

MRI

Mouse [70]

n = 38

Monoclonal antibody

MRI, microscopy

Mouse [71]

n = 12

Monoclonal antibody (⁸⁹Zr-BVDFO)

PET/CT Imaging

Mouse [72]

n = 32

Rhesus, macaque derived adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector

MRI

MAP

Mice [73]

Not specified

Beta-galactosidase

Histology

Mouse [74]

Not specified

Cisplatin, methotrexate

Evans blue/Crocein Scarlet/Light Green SF

Mouse [75]

n = 43

Melittin

MRI and Evans blue staining

VEGF

Rat [76]

n = 25

FITC-dextran

Mouse [77]

n = 27

Evans blue

MRI, Evans blue staining

VEGF intraspinal injection

Rat [78]

n = 9

Evans blue

Evans blue staining

Rat [79]

n = 25

MOG1-125 peptide

MRI, IHC

FUS

Rabbit [80]

n = 22

Albumin coated microbubbles

MRI

Rat [81]

n = 47

5 Different magnetic resonance contrast agents

MRI

Mouse [82]

n = 15

A rabbit anti-human, dopamine D4 receptor antibody

MRI, Trypan Blue

Rat [83]

n = 83

Doxorubicin

MRI

Mouse [84]

n = 44

MGPP3 cells

MRI

Mouse [85]

n = 28

Monoclonal antibody (mCD47)

PET/CT imaging

Mouse [86]

n = 52

Anti-pGlu3 Aβ mAb

fluorescent images of Trypan blue delivery

Rat and Mouse [87]

n = 42 and n = 16, respectively

Doxorubicin/Evans Blue

MRI, Evans Blue injection

Rat [88]

n = 4–6 per group

Polymeric nanoparticles

Evans blue, MRI