Fig. 6

Gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites alleviate MCT-induced liver injury. A, B Serum ALT and AST activity. C The typical macroscopic (upper) and histological (down) observation of liver injury. D The % area of necrosis quantified in a low power field (100 ×). E The total HSOS score. F The protein expression of MMP-9 in liver tissues. GAPDH was used as a loading control. Data were shown as mean ± SEM. n = 4. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. MCT, monocrotaline; HSOS, hepatic sinus obstruction syndrome; IAAld, Indole-3-Acetaldehyde; IAA, Indole Acetic Acid; Ficz, 6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; GPADH, glyceraldehyde-3phosphate dehydrogenase