Fig. 5

Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibition can reduce the production of macrophage exosomes and reduce the damage of endothelial cells caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage exosomes. a, b Western blot analysis of the expression of exosome markers, CD9 and CD63. N = 3, ^**P < 0.01versus Con, ^#P < 0.05versus LPS group. Data are mean ± SEM. c and d Expression of endothelial cell damage index marker, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). e and f ASM knockdown by small interfering ribonucleic acid in rat glomerular endothelial cells (RGECs). g and h Expression of VCAM-1 in endothelial cells after ASM knockdown in RGECs and LPS-RAW264.7-EXO stimulation. Data represent the mean ± SEM in independent experiments. ^**P < 0.01versus NC group in Con, ^#P < 0.05versus the NC group in LPS-RAW264.7-EXO