Fig. 1

The morphology and anatomy of the X. tropicalis heart can be observed clearly using small animal echocardiography A: The cardiac images are obtained from the parasternal long-axis of X. tropicalis using small animal echocardiography. B: Representative image of the subcostal 3-chamber view of the X. tropicalis heart under B-mode echocardiography. Ventricle (V). Right atrium (R). Left atrium (L). Atrial septum (dashed line). C: Diagram showing the diastole end ventricular girth (dashed line). D: Diagram showing the diastole end ventricular length (a to b) and diastole end ventricular width (c to d). E: Representative image of pulsed-wave Doppler of the ventricle for hemodynamic analysis. Assessed area (dotted rectangle). F: Measurement of peak blood flow velocity and blood flow acceleration of the ventricle. Assessed area (dotted rectangle)