Fig. 5

Unknown features of patient-derived organoids from HBV+ patients. In basic research of HBV, whether there are other receptors except NTCP is still unknown. The differentiation level of HBV host cells also may influence the entering process of HBV. The role that other cells and cytokines in microenvironment play in the HBV life cycle requires more research. And whether the current culture system of PDOs is suitable for HBV replication or not remains unclear. More research is required to clarified the influence of additives in culture medium on HBV replication and the activity of HBV-associated signaling pathway. Before the culture of organoids, patients usually get anti-HBV therapies. The influence of these therapies remains unknown. The correlation between HBV copy number in serum and in culture medium requires more studies to clarify