Fig. 2
From: Targeting tumor-associated macrophages for cancer treatment
Targeting TAMs strategies in cancer therapy. Targeting TAMs for cancer treatment mainly includes five ways. (1) Promoting phagocytosis of TAMs to tumor cells. Targeting the CD47-SIRPα axis improves phagocytose ability of TAMs to tumor cells. (2) Depleting M2-like TAMs with drugs by promoting TAMs apoptosis. (3) Blocking the recruitment of TAMs to cancer cells. Drugs targeting CSF-1-CSF-1R axis and CCL2-CCR2 axis inhibit TAMs recruitment. (4) Reprograming TAMs into the M1-like type with anti-tumor activity. (5) TAMs enhance immune suppression by affecting the surrounding immune cells. Inhibiting this process is conducive to formation of immune-promoting microenvironment. SIRPα, signal-regulatory protein α; CCL2 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, CCR2 C-C motif chemokine receptor 2, CSF-1 colony-stimulating factor 1, CSF-1R colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, MMPs matrix metalloproteinases, SUCNR1 succinate receptor 1, PI3Kδ/γ phosphoinositide 3-kinase-δ/γ, TLRs toll-like receptors, miRNA microRNA, PD-1 programmed cell death 1, PD-L1 PD ligand 1