Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study participants (n = 32) with DNA methylation data both before (baseline) and after the intervention
From: Effect of exercise and diet intervention in NAFLD and NASH via GAB2 methylation
Variables | Ex (n = 8) | LCD (n = 8) | ELCD (n = 9) | No (n = 7) | Within Groups (p value) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Intervention | Baseline | Intervention | Baseline | Intervention | Baseline | Intervention | Ex | Diet | Ex + Diet | No | |
HFC (%) | 23.6 (11.0) | 11.0 (5.5) | 17.2 (13.6) | 11.0 (13.2) | 19.2 (11.1) | 6.7 (4.1) | 10.3 (5.6) | 15.4 (7.3) | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.012 | 0.004 |
Weight (kg) | 68.4 (10.0) | 64.8 (10.8) | 65.1 (8.8) | 63.7 (9.1) | 65.9 (6.2) | 64.2 (6.2) | 65.2 (13.4) | 66.2 (13.9) | < .001 | 0.098 | 0.012 | 0.059 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 (3.0) | 26.1 (3.4) | 26.6 (3.8) | 26.0 (4.0) | 25.8 (2.2) | 25.1 (2.3) | 25.9 (3.7) | 26.2 (3.9) | 0.001 | 0.084 | 0.015 | 0.045 |
LM (kg) | 37.9 (5.6) | 37.3 (5.6) | 38.1 (4.8) | 37.9 (4.9) | 38.2 (3.0) | 37.5 (3.5) | 39.3 (8.0) | 38.6 (8.4) | 0.092 | 0.535 | 0.113 | 0.058 |
FMwb (kg) | 28.4 (5.1) | 25.5 (5.8) | 24.9 (4.0) | 23.8 (4.4) | 25.7 (4.2) | 24.7 (4.5) | 24.6 (6.9) | 26.2 (7.1) | 0.001 | 0.022 | 0.034 | 0.003 |
FMAndroid (kg) | 2.84 (0.6) | 2.56 (0.8) | 2.42 (0.5) | 2.24 (0.4) | 2.43 (0.5) | 2.25 (0.4) | 2.41 (0.8) | 2.59 (0.7) | 0.034 | 0.059 | 0.001 | 0.035 |
FMGynoid (kg) | 3.65 (0.8) | 3.47 (0.7) | 3.32 (0.9) | 3.18 (0.8) | 3.48 (0.8) | 3.35 (0.9) | 3.27 (0.8) | 3.46 (0.8) | 0.001 | 0.070 | 0.186 | 0.105 |
VAT (kg) | 1.83 (0.6) | 1.45 (0.6) | 1.44 (0.6) | 1.20 (0.6) | 1.47 (0.7) | 1.31 (0.6) | 1.62 (0.8) | 1.70 (0.8) | 0.004 | 0.029 | 0.058 | 0.413 |
SAT (kg) | 2.67 (0.8) | 2.33 (0.7) | 2.07 (0.5) | 2.00 (0.6) | 2.18 (0.7) | 2.12 (0.8) | 2.12 (0.6) | 2.18 (0.6) | 0.011 | 0.159 | 0.396 | 0.478 |
Glucose fasting (mmol/L) | 5.73 (0.5) | 5.26 (0.6) | 5.48 (0.9) | 5.58 (0.8) | 5.50 (0.7) | 5.48 (0.3) | 5.97 (0.5) | 6.11 (0.7) | 0.036 | 0.737 | 0.939 | 0.392 |
Glucose 2-h (mmol/L) | 9.34 (2.2) | 6.63 (1.3) | 8.16 (1.5) | 6.54 (3.0) | 8.21 (1.3) | 6.98 (2.1) | 8.13 (1.1) | 8.60 (2.7) | 0.019 | 0.245 | 0.076 | 0.637 |
Insulin fasting (µIU/mL) | 25.9 (15.4) | 18.4 (10.6) | 14.3 (11.5) | 13.9 (8.3) | 20.2 (8.1) | 15.9 (4.5) | 16.4 (10.8) | 16.4 (12.0) | 0.154 | 0.843 | 0.067 | 0.997 |
HBA1c (%) | 6.19 (0.3) | 6.07 (0.3) | 6.07 (0.3) | 6.13 (0.2) | 5.83 (0.5) | 5.7 (0.5) | 6.52 (0.2) | 6.45 (0.4) | 0.280 | 0.673 | 0.354 | 0.666 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 2.05 (1.8) | 1.40 (1.2) | 1.76 (0.8) | 1.51 (0.5) | 2.62 (1.3) | 2.14 (1.1) | 2.01 (1.0) | 2.24 (1.3) | 0.021 | 0.332 | 0.195 | 0.555 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6.00 (0.7) | 5.19 (0.9) | 5.12 (0.9) | 4.85 (0.6) | 6.19 (1.2) | 5.18 (0.6) | 6.06 (0.9) | 6.22 (0.7) | 0.040 | 0.456 | 0.071 | 0.752 |
ALT (U/L) | 24.0 (11.7) | 16.3 (5.6) | 22.6 (16.0) | 18.6 (10.3) | 24.6 (11.7) | 22.6 (9.9) | 18.7 (8.5) | 30.7 (15.3) | 0.232 | 0.533 | 0.511 | 0.116 |
AST (U/L) | 27.5 (4.2) | 19.5 (7.1) | 24.4 (12.4) | 23.5 (9.8) | 24.7 (6.7) | 23.0 (7.5) | 24.6 (7.2) | 28.4 (7.0) | 0.081 | 0.887 | 0.663 | 0.496 |
VO2max (mL/min/kg) | 13.7 (4.9) | 18.0 (3.9) | 16.6 (3.9) | 19.8 (3.1) | 15.9 (4.5) | 25.0 (2.9) | 17.9 (4.2) | 21.1 (5.3) | 0.041 | 0.002 |  < 0.001 | 0.151 |