Fig. 6

RhoA promotes the in vivo resistance of OS cells to MPPa-PDT. a Nude mice were subcutaneously implanted with HOS cells stably transfected with shNC, shRHOA, or OE-RHOA (n = 5/group), and tumor diameters were monitored over time. b–d On day 30 post-MPPa-PDT treatment initiation, mice were euthanized and tumor volume and weight values were recorded, after which tumors were imaged. e TUNEL staining of tumor tissue sections was performed, and apoptotic index values were calculated. f Tumor immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess changes in apoptotic marker expression. * P < 0.05 **P < 0.01 ***P < 0.001