Fig. 1
From: Multiple functions of autophagy in vascular calcification
Signaling molecules linking autophagy to vascular calcification. A Autophagy affects VC by interfering with the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs. B Autophagy may affect VC by inhibiting apoptosis. C VC is a tightly cell-regulated pathological process that resembles osteogenesis. D The effect of autophagy regulation in stem cells on VC. E MV involved in autophagy regulation of VC