Table 1 Pro-tumor effects of MSCs on the biology of different types of tumors
MSC source | Product administrated | Tumor type | Type of study | Outcome effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bone marrow | Cells | MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells | In vitro In vivo | Increase metastasis/activation of the hypoxia-inducible factors | [10] |
MDA-MB-231 and MCF7/Ras breast cancer cells | In vitro In vivo | Promotes breast cancer invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Promote de novo production of lysyl oxidase (LOX) | [11] | ||
HT-29 colorectal cancer cells | In vitro In vivo | Promoted tumor sphere formation and tumor initiation/activation of Janus kinase 2-signal transducer and increased of IL-6 secreted by MSCs signaled through STAT3 | [12] | ||
4T1 mouse mammary tumor cell line | In vitro | Increased tumor growth. Protect breast cancer cells from immune clearance, MSC suppressed the proliferation of PBMC. Inhibition of PBMC migration toward breast cancer cells | [13] | ||
BxPC3 pancreatic cancer cells | In vitro In vivo | Increase tumor invasion. Increased secretion of MMP-3, amphiregulin and its receptor EGFR | [14] | ||
Extracellular vesicles | MG63 osteosarcoma cancer cells and SGC7901gastric cancer cells | In vitro | Foster cell growth. Activation of Hedgehog signaling pathway | [15] | |
Adipose tissue | Cells | MCF-7 breast cancer cells | In vitro In vivo | Stimulate migration and invasion/secretion of IL-6 | [16] |
MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells | In vitro In vivo | Promote tumorigenesis and angiogenesis/bidirectional signaling; ADSCs differentiated into cancer-associated myofibroblasts | [17] |