Fig. 14

Changes in iron metabolism due to neurohormonal activation in cardiac cells. This illustration describes the key iron molecules modified under neurohormonal activation in cardiac cells. It is also defined the iron deficiency and the mitochondrial dysfunction present under the neurohormonal stimuli. ATP adenosine triphosphate, Dmt1 divalent metal transporter 1, Fe iron, Fpn1 ferroportin 1, Ftmt mitochondrial ferritin, Hamp hepcidin, Irp1/2 iron regulatory proteins ½, ROS reactive oxygen species, Tf-Fe transferrin-bound iron, Tfr1 transferrin receptor 1