Fig. 4

ER stress promoted production of IL-17A in macrophages exposed to hypoxia both in vivo and in vitro. a, b Effects of different concentrations of TM (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 μg/μl) on GRP78, ATF-4, CHOP, IL-17A mRNA (a) and protein (b) expression levels in normal retinas. c, d Effects of different concentrations of 4-PBA (0, 0.1, 1, 10 nmol/μl) on GRP78, ATF-4, IL-17A mRNA (c) and protein (d) expression levels in OIR retinas. e Effects of different concentrations of TM (0, 0.1, 1, 2, 4, 6 μg/ml) on GRP78, ATF-4 and IL-17A protein expression levels in macrophages cultured under normoxic conditions. f, g Effects of different concentrations of 4-PBA (0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10 nmol/ml) on GRP78, ATF-4, CHOP, IL-17A mRNA (f) and protein (g) expression levels in macrophages cultured under hypoxic conditions. β-actin served as an endogenous reference for normalization. Data are shown as mean ± SEM, n = 6–8 per group for Real-time RT-PCR, n = 3 per group for western blotting. Each experiment repeated three times. ns, no significance. * P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with control groups