Fig. 2

ApoE4 (Δ272–299) induces mitochondrial morphology change and dysfunction. a TEM analysis of the morphological changes in mitochondria in the hippocampus of wild-type mice and apoE4 (Δ272–299) transgenic mice. b N2a cells were tragnsiently transfected with pIRES or pIRES-apoE4 (Δ272–299) for 24 h, and their mitochondria were stained with mitotracker. The morphological changes in mitochondria were examined under a laser confocal microscope. The scale bar is 10 µm. c The length of mitochondria was measured using the ImageJ, n = 20–30 mitochondria per group. d The areas of mitochondria was also measured using the ImageJ, n = 20–30 cells. e The MMP was detected by the JC-1. f The levels of ATP were analyzed by chemiluminescence. g The levels of mitochondrial ROS were analyzed by DCFH-DA. Data are representative images or expressed as the mean ± SEM of each group (n = 3) from three separate experiments. **P < 0.01 versus the control N2a cells transfected with pIRES vector, The significant differences were determined by ANOVA and post hoc Fisher’s least significant difference