Fig. 5

Probiotics enhanced the expression of PXR. a and b Representative sections from ileac tissue of Ctrl or NEC patients stained with anti-PXR antibody and statistical results of the average optical density of staining images (Ctrl, neonatal intestinal atresia patient; n = 5 per group). c and d Western blot analysis of PXR protein levels in epithelial cells of the small intestine and their relative gray calculations (n = 5 ~ 6 per group, three independent experiments). e and f Western blot analysis of PXR protein levels in NEC mice treated with PBS or probiotics and their relative gray calculations (n = 5 ~ 6 per group, representative data from three independent experiments). g, Real-time qPCR analysis of PXR target gene (Cyp3a11 and Mdr1a) mRNA expressions in the terminal ileum (n = 5 per group). All graphs show mean values ± SD. Statistical analyses were performed with Student’s two-tailed unpaired t-test in (b, d, f, g), *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ****p < 0.0001; n.s., not significant. Scale bars represent 1 mm in (a)