|
Animal stusies
| | | | | |
|
Valproic acid-induced ASD
|
3.6 mg/kg
|
In vivo
|
Improved social behavior
|
2014
|
[121]
|
|
Oxytocin receptor gene knockout (Oxtr-KO) and valproic acid-induced ASD
|
30 mg/kg
|
In vivo
|
Upregulated Sirt1 and Egr3, improved social behaviors
|
2020
|
[123]
|
|
BTBR-induced ASD
|
20 and 40 mg/kg
|
In vivo
|
Decreased levels CD4+TLR2+, CD4+TLR3+, CD4+TLR4+ CD4+NF-κB+, and CD4+iNOS+ in spleen cells, decreased TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, NF-κB, iNOS, and COX-2 in the brain tissue
|
2018
|
[129]
|
|
Valproic acid-induced ASD
|
3.6 mg/kg
|
In vivo
|
Prevented ASD-like behaviors
|
2018
|
[131]
|
|
B6- and BTBR-induced ASD
|
20 and 40 mg/kg
|
In vivo
|
upregulated Foxp3+, reduced T-bet+, GATA-3+, and IL-17A+ expressions and protein levels in CD4+ cells, spleen, and brain tissues
|
2017
|
[130]
|
|
BTBR-induced ASD
|
20 and 40 mg/kg
|
In vivo
|
Decreased levels of IL-6+, TNF-α+, IFN-γ+, and STAT3+ in CD4+ spleen cells and brain tissue
|
2017
|
[132]
|
|
Decreased ERβ- induced ASD
|
20 mg/kg
|
In vivo
|
activated ERβ, decreased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and lipid metabolism in the brain
|
2018
|
[124]
|
|
BTBR-induced ASD
|
20 and 40 mg/kg
|
In vivo
|
Decreased CCR and CXCR expression in CD4+ T cells in spleen and brain tissues
|
2016
|
[133]
|
|
ASD
|
5, 10 and 15 mg/kg
|
In vivo
|
Inhibited oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, MMP-9 and TNF-α expression
|
2017
|
[10]
|
|
Human studies
| | | | | |
|
ASD
|
250 mg twice per day
|
Human
|
Decreased hyperactivity/non-compliance score
|
2020
|
[122]
|
