Fig. 4

Effects of phloretin (PT) on lipid metabolism in mouse liver tissue. a The expression of transcription factors and FAS and b the fold expression were measured relative to β-actin. c β-oxidation and d the fold expression were measured relative to β-actin. e Lipolysis was detected by Western blot and f the fold expression measured relative to β-actin. g The Sirt1/AMPK pathway and h the fold expression measured relative to β-actin. Effects of phloretin (PT) on TNF-α -expression. i TNF-α levels in serum from mice and j gene expression in the liver, k epididymal adipose tissue, and l inguinal adipose tissue. Fold-changes in expression were measured relative to β-actin expression levels (internal control). Three independent experiments were analyzed and the data presented as the mean ± SEM; n = 10. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared to HFD-induced obesity. ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 compared to the Normal group