Fig. 6

AMPK inactivation was responsible for PDP1-mediated PDAC cell proliferation and migration. a PDP1 overexpression suppressed AMPK signaling, while its knockdown induced activation via phosphorylation. b The presence of compound C (20 mM) inactivated AMPK signaling in PDP1 knockdown PDAC cells, which in turn reactivated mTOR signaling. Reactivation of mTOR restored cell proliferation (c), colony formation (d), and migration of PDP1 knockdown PDAC cells (e). f AMP was supplemented in the PDP1-overexpressing cells to adjust the intracellular AMP:ATP ratio. Increased AMP:ATP ratio in the PDP-overexpressing cells resulted in the restoration of AMPK activity but mTOR repression. ***p < 0.001