Fig. 2

PDYN overexpression promoted microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype in a rat model of epilepsy. Representative immunofluorescence images in rat hippocampus sections. Hoechst (nuclei, blue), total microglia (Iba-1; red), M1-microglia phenotype (iNOS; green), and M2-microglia phenotype (Arg-1, green). Quantitative analysis for the number of Iba-1⁺/iNOS⁺ cells (M1-phenotype markers), and for the number of Iba1⁺/Arg-1⁺ cells (M2-phenotype markers). n = 8/group. **p < 0.01, vs. Control group, ^##p < 0.01, vs. LV-NC group