Table 1 Preclinical of agents targeting TAMs for HCC treatment

Inhibition of monocytes recruitment

RDC018 or knockout of CCR2

CCR2 antagonist

Inhibit malignant growth and metastasis, reduces postsurgical recurrence

[103]

747

CCR2 antagonist

Anticancer properties and potentiated the efficacy of sorafenib in mouse models of HCC

[93]

CCL2-neutralizing antibody

CCL2

Reduce liver damage, HCC incidence, and tumor burden in mouse models

[104]

GC33

Glypican-3

Phase I study for advanced HCC

[108, 109]

Eliminating TAMs

Clodrolip or Zoledronic acid

Enhance the inhibitory effect of sorafenib in nude mouse models

[115]

Zoledronic acid

Enhance the effects of TACE in rat HCC models

[116]

Re-educating TAMs

PLX3397

CSF-1 receptor

Delayed tumor growth and increase in CD8⁺ T cells

[119]

Baicalin

Inhibition of tumor growth

[117]

8-Bromo-7-methoxychrysin

CD163

Disrupt the interaction of liver cancer stem-like cells and TAMs

[118]

Neutralizing products of TAMs

Tocilizumab

IL-6 receptor

Inhibit TAM-stimulated activity of human HCC stem cells in vitro and in vivo

[87]