Fig. 3

Effect of 4-PBA on ER stress. Cells were transiently co-transfected with the Cignal ERSE reporter construct or the negative control construct and empty vector, pcDNA3-FVIIwt or pcDNA3-p.Q160R. The cells were then treated with 10 mM 4-PBA for 48 h. The ratios between firefly and Renilla luciferase were used for the calculation. The results have been corrected for background activity represented by the negative control. Fold change in luciferase activity was calculated relative to empty vector. Values are reported as mean ± SD fold-change of target gene expression in treated compared to untreated cells from three independent experiments with six biological parallels (unpaired t-test ****p ≤ 0.0001, **p ≤ 0.01, *p ≤ 0.05)