Fig. 3

Low-dose VPA enhances gemcitabine-induced migration and invasion by targeting Bmi1. Two pancreatic cancer cells were transfected with Bmi1siRNA and NCsiRNA for 24 h and then treated with 0.5 mM of VPA for 36 h, 5 μm of gemcitabine for 24 h separately and combined. a The expression level of Bmi1 was detected by western blot analysis. b, c The changes in migratory and invasive abilities were evaluated by Transwell migration/invasion assays. The graphs shown are representative results of three independent analyses. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 compared with the control