Fig. 1

Main roles of DUBs. Deubiquitination is involved in counteracting the ubiquitin cascade, including inhibiting E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes and E3 ligases. Proteasome related DUBs help to prevent degradation of ubiquitin chains of proteins treated. Lysosome-associated DUBs play crucial roles in receptor degradation and recycling. Alternatively, DUBs can remove or edit ubiquitin chains to change non-degradation ubiquitin signals. After releasing ubiquitin chains from proteins, DUBs are also responsible for the generation of free ubiquitin from ubiquitin precursors and the release of ubiquitin from unanchored isopeptide-linked ubiquitin chains into ubiquitin pool