Figure 7

Proposed mechanisms by which pinocembrin suppresses TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in human Y-79 cells. Pinocembrin inhibits TGF-β1-acted through avβ3 integrin receptor to activate FAK and p38α, leading to the phosphorylation of IκBα, activation of NF-κB (p50 and p65), nuclear translocation, NF-κB binding to MMP-2/MMP-9 promoter binding sites, initiation of MMP-2/MMP-9 gene expressions, and contributing to the inhibition of cell EMT and metastasis.