One cell, multiple roles: contribution of mesenchymal stem cells to tumor development in tumor microenvironment

Cell & Bioscience

Table 2 Chemokines in tumor microenvironment and effects on tumor progression

Chemokines	Chemokine receptors	Cellular sources	Tumor growth	Metastasis	Immune response	References
CCL2	CCR2	tumor cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, TAFs	+(low concentration)	+	-	[42–46]
CCL2	CCR2	tumor cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, TAFs	-(high concentration)	+	-	[42–46]
CCL3	CCR1,4,5	endothelial cells	+	+	+	[42, 47]
CCL4	CCR5	macrophages	+	+	-	[42]
CCL5	CCR1,3,5	MSCs, tumor cells, TAFs	+	+		[42, 48]
CCL7	CCR1,2,3		+	+		[42]
CCL8	CCR2,3,5		+	+		[42]
CCL11	CCR3		+	+		[42]
CCL12	CCR2		+	+		[42]
CCL16	CCR1		-	-		[49]
CCL17	CCR4	tumor cells, macrophages	-	+	+	[42, 50]
CCL18	unknown	TAM		+		[42, 51]
CCL19	CCR7,11	tumor cells, DCs	—	+	+	[42, 52]
CCL20	CCR6	tumor cells	-	+	+	[53–56]
CCL21	CCR7,11	lymph nodes, tumor cells, endothelial cells	-	+		[57–64]
CCL22	CCR4	tumor cells, macrophages	-	+	+	[42, 50, 65]
CCL23	CCR1		+	+		[42]
CCL24	CCR3		+	+		[42]
CCL25	CCR9,11		+	+		[42]
CCL26	CCR3		+	+		[42]
CCL27	CCR2,3,10		+	+		[66]
CXCL1	CXCR1,2	tumor cells, TAFs	+	-		[59, 67, 68]
CXCL2	CXCR2	tumor cells, TAFs	+	+		[42, 67–70]
CXCL3(GRO-α,β,γ)	CXCR2	tumor cells, TAFs	+	-		[67, 68, 71]
CXCL5( ENA-78)	CXCR1,2		+	+		[42, 71, 72]
CXCL6	CXCR1,2		+	+		[42]
CXCL7(NAP2)	CXCR1,2		+	+		[42]
CXCL8	CXCR1,2	TAFs,endothelial cells, tumor cells, monocytes	+	+		[19, 42, 59, 73–76]
CXCL9	CXCR3		-			[77, 78]
CXCL10	CXCR3	tumor cells	-			[59, 78]
CXCL11	CXCR3		-			[61, 79–82]
CXCL12	CXCR4	tumor cells, astrocytes, fibroblasts, microglia cells	+	+		[61, 83–86]
CXCL13	CXCR5	tumor cells, macrophages,TAFs	+	+		[42, 87–89]
CXCL14	unknown		-		+	[90]
CX3CL1	CX3CR1		+	+		[91–95]
PF4			-			[96, 97]
IP-10	CXCR3		-			[38, 71, 80, 98]
MIG	CXCR3		-	-		[71, 99]

ISSN: 2045-3701