Fig. 7

Exosomal USP13 regulates microglia polarization and mitochondrial function through stabilizing IκBα. a–k Rescue experiments were performed to explore the functions of exosomal USP13/IκBα in microglia. Rescue experiments for exosomal USP13 deletion were conducted by ectopic overexpressing IκBα. a Detection of mRNA expression of M1 and M2 markers in indicated groups. ***P < 0.001. b–e Examination and quantification of M1 and M2 microglia by flow cytometry in indicated groups. **P = 0.0043, ***P = 0.0009. (f, g) Flow cytometry measurement and quantification of ROS level in indicated groups. ***P = 0.0004. h, i Detection and quantification of mitochondrial potential by JC-1 staining. ***P = 0.0001. j Measurement of OCR. k Quantification of mitochondrial activities. **P = 0.0055, ***P < 0.001