Fig. 3

Firstly, PC cells spread to the pelvic lymph nodes. In addition, cells can migrate to the liver lung and thorax, or can establish in bone. In few cases, they metastasize to the brain, by directly spreading through the blood vessels or indirectly forming firstly “niches” in the liver or in the lung and then, disseminating into the brain. In some cases, PC cells might take advantage from the nerves surrounding the prostate capsule. Thus, they can spread through the perineural invasion (PNI) by following the nerve trunk