Fig. 7

DMI treatment inhibits the activation of STAT3 in mycobacteria-infected macrophages. BMDMs were infected with Mtb (A), BCG (B), or Mav (C) (MOI 3) for 4 h and washed with DPBS followed by incubation with SC or DMI (100 μM) in the fresh media. The cells were harvested at the indicated times. The p-STAT3 and STAT3 levels were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Densitometry analysis of p-STAT3 and STAT3 Western blot represented in right panels. Statistical analysis was determined with unpaired Student’s t-test and shown as means ± SD from three independent experiments conducted in duplicate. n.s. not significant, SC solvent control, DMI dimethyl itaconate. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001