Fig. 3

EXOs from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 can induce the damage of glomerular endothelial cell. a Confocal image of glomerular endothelial cells with 5 µg/mL PKH26 labeled RAW264.7-EXO for 24 h. Rat glomerular endothelial cells (RGECs) under a confocal microscope can internalize EXOs derived from macrophages. b Cell viability of RGECs as detected by cell counting kit 8. c and d Western blotting analysis of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). e–h The expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and interleukin (IL)-1β in endothelial cells was detected by western blotting stimulated by EXOs produced by RAW264.7. Data represent the mean ± SEM in independent experiments. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01 versus Con