Fig. 2

Fluorocitric acid (FC) treatment ameliorated the neurite and synaptic alteration, and the degenerated visual function following RI/R. A Western blotting showed the change of GFAP expression in rat retinae following RI/R. B Bar graphs depicted the fold of optical density value (ODV) of GFAP in each group (n = 7). C Immunofluorescence images showed the number of astrocytes, the spatial location of the increased GFAP. C a Schematic diagram on the selection of views for retinal whole mounts. D Immunofluorescence images showed the range of GFAP + astrocytic processes following RI/R. E–G Bar graphs depicted the density of astrocytes, the relative mean gray value of GFAP and the relative GFAP positive area in the inner retinae in each group (n = 6). H Bar graphs depicted the normalized ratio of the range of GFAP + astrocytic processes in each group (n = 6). I Diagram of FC treatment after RI/R. J Western blotting showed the change of GFAP expression after FC treatment. K Bar graphs depicted the fold of optical density value (ODV) of GFAP in each group (n = 6). L Immunofluorescence images showed the morphological alteration of RGCs axons with FC treatment following RI/R. M–N Bar graphs depicted the number of fascicles per view and the number of pNF + RGC axons per fascicle in each group (n = 6). O Visual function following RI/R with FC treatment were measured by f-VEP test. P, Q Bar graphs depicted the amplitude of N2-P2 and the latency of P2 in each group (n = 10). R Western blotting showed the change in expression of synaptophysin (SYN), synapsin 1 and homer 1b/1c in rat retinae with FC treatment following RI/R. S–U Bar graphs depicted the fold of optical density value (ODV) of SYN, synapsin 1 and homer 1b/1c in each group (n = 6). V Double-immunofluorescence images showed spatial location and origin of SYN in each group with FC treatment following RI/R. Data in (B, E–H) were represented as mean ± SD; **p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, n.s.: no significance, (compared with the control group using one-way analysis of variance). Data in K, M, N, P, Q, S–U were represented as mean ± SD; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, n.s.: no significance, (compared with the RI/R group using one-way analysis of variance). Bar = 50 μm in (C, D, L, V). Abbreviations are as defined in Fig. 1