Fig. 1
From: DNA methylation in diabetic retinopathy: pathogenetic role and potential therapeutic targets
Dynamic process of DNA methylation. In the diabetic environment, Dnmts and Tets are activated. Dnmts act at the 5′-position of cytosine residues in CpG islands to form 5mC and contribute to gene repression. Tets can quickly hydroxymethylate 5mC to 5hmC and promote gene activation. Dnmts, DNA methyltransferases; Tets, ten-eleven translocation dioxygenases; SAM, S-adenosyl methionine; 5mC, 5-methylcytosine; 5hmC, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine