Fig. 4

Acute activation response of ARC GLP-1R neurons on blood glucose. A Experimental paradigm for virus delivery and chemogenetic stimulation of the GLP-1R neurons in ARC. B Representative image of hM3Dq (red) and c-Fos (white) staining in the GLP-1R-ires-Cre ARC region. C Quantification of c-Fos and GLP-1R co-localized neurons in the ARC after chemogenetic activation (CNO) control n = 4, hM3Dq n = 5. D Average bodyweight of the control and hM3Dq groups after overnight fasting (12 h) control n = 7, hM3Dq n = 8. E Fasting glucose levels control n = 11, hM3Dq n = 12. F IP GTT glucose levels upon ARC GLP-1R neuronal activation, p-value = 0.0633 control n = 11, hM3Dq n = 12. G Insulin levels after 1 h ARC GLP-1R neuron activation via CNO delivery. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Student’s t-test (Bar-graph); *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Two-way Anova, with Geisser-Greenhouse correction