Fig. 1From: Generation of mitochondria-rich kidney organoids from expandable intermediate mesoderm progenitors reprogrammed from human urine cells under defined mediumGeneration of 2D kidney organoids from hUCs. A Schematic illustration of 2D kidney organoids starting from hUCs (human urine cells), hUCs-induced intermediate mesoderm progenitor like cells (U-iIMPLCs), hUCs-induced nephron progenitor cells (U-iNPCs), hUCs-induced kidney organoid (U-iKOs) at the indicated time points. B Representative bright-field images during A at day0, day9, day16, and day24. Scale bars, 250 μm. C Gene expression analysis for markers of the primitive streak (T, MIXL1, and TBX6), nephrogenic intermediate mesoderm (WT1 and HOXD11), nephron progenitor (SIX2, WT1, and PAX2), podocytes (PODXL and WT1), tubule epithelial cells (CDH6 and JAG1) during differentiation. The relative expression of each transcript to GAPDH expression is presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6). D Representative loci for the close-to-open (CO), open-to-close-to-open (OCO), and close-to-open-to-close, (COC) peaks at different stages at hUC (day0), U-iIMPLCs (stage1, day9), early U-iNPCs (stage2, day16) and late U-iNPCs (stage2, day19). E Dynamic CO, OC, and permanently open (PO) chromatin regions are clustered for hUC, U-iIMPLCs, U-iNPCs (E) and U-iNPCs (L). Representative genes are noted for each subgroup on the right side. F Heatmaps for the motif enrichment among the OC, CO and PO subgroup peaks for stage1, and stage2 as shown in E. *p < 1e-30Back to article page