Fig. 1

Single-cell-based staining as an indicator in the AD immune status analysis. A Experimental and analytical workflow from obtaining PBMCs to the flow cytometric data analysis. Whole blood was collected from 16 healthy volunteers and 16 age-matched AD patients. After purification, PBMCs were bound with antibodies against surface markers and PD-1/PD-L1 before the flow cytometric analysis. The raw data obtained from flow cytometry were compensated to correct the fluorescence spillover, and T-cell subsets were gated by cell surface markers. B Gating strategy for different T-cell subsets. Doublet cells were first excluded by the forward scatter height (FSC-H) versus FSC-A density plot. The lymphocyte population was gated by the FSC-H versus side scatter height (SSC-H) plot (indicated by a blue circle), and then, the T-cell subsets were gated by surface markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD56). C Comparison of T-cell subset proportions between healthy volunteers and AD patients