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Fig. 1 | Cell & Bioscience

Fig. 1

From: Current methodologies in protein ubiquitination characterization: from ubiquitinated protein to ubiquitin chain architecture

Fig. 1

The cycle of ubiquitin signaling and ubiquitin proteoforms. A Schematic representation of the cycle of ubiquitin signaling. Ubiquitin monomers are activated by E1 ubiquitin-activating enzymes for E2 ubiquitin conjugation which works with or without E3 ubiquitin ligases to attach the activated ubiquitin to the target. The ubiquitin monomers are receded from the ubiquitinated substrates into ubiquitin pools by DUBs and reused. B Schematic diagram of the various forms of ubiquitylation. A protein can be modified by mono-, multi-mono- or polyubiquitin. Polyubiquitin is categorized into three types: homotypic polyUb chain, mixed polyUb chain, and branched polyUb chain. Ubiquitin chains are colored according to linkage type, and different color represents different linkage types

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